How ordinary moles can signal health risks

Time & age are two common factors that affect the transformation of our skin. Every individual has certain unique skin features, moles or freckles being the most common ones. Usually, moles appear as birthmarks and do not pose any cause for concern.

Moles, most known as nevi, are small benign, regular looking skin growths caused by a cluster of melanocytes or pigment producing cells. Though unusual, one of the most severe forms of skin cancer, known as melanoma (a type of skin cancer developed from melanin producing cells), can look like a mole.

If diagnosed in time, skin cancer can be treated successfully. However, one must possess a basic understanding of the kinds of skin cancer, the risks, and preventive measures to maintain overall well-being.

Some typical characteristics include:

• Larger size
• Irregular or blurry borders
• Varied colours (brown, black, red, pink, or tan)
• Asymmetry
• Raised or flat texture

In case you notice any of the above irregularities, consult a dermatologist promptly.
The main kinds of skin cancer include:

• Actinic Keratosis: A precancerous condition caused by sun exposure. It can develop into squamous cell carcinoma if untreated.
• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common and least aggressive form, often found on sun-exposed areas like the face and neck.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Can spread if untreated. Often appears as rough, scaly patches or open sores.
• Melanoma: Can appear anywhere in the body, even unexposed areas like under the nail beds, toes, or on the scalp.

The standard ABCDE rule – How to self-examine?
A – Asymmetry: Unidentical sides
B – Border: Irregular edges
C – Colour: Uneven colour or multiple shades
D – Diameter: Larger than 6mm
E – Evolving: In terms of size, shape, colour, etc
Routine self-exams are essential to determine any unusual growths as well as get a better understanding of the risks involved.

Treatment options
Though the treatment options often vary basis the size, type and stage of skin cancer:

• Surgically removing the moles is a common practice for most skin cancers
• Mohs surgery offers precision removal for sensitive areas like the face
• Topical or OTC medications might help in treating actinic keratosis or superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
• In cases where surgery isn’t viable, Radiation therapy might be suggested
• For advanced cases of melanoma, Immunotherapy or targeted therapy is often utilised
• For cases that do not respond to any of the above treatment, Chemotherapy might be monitored as a last resort

A few helpful tips
For people with many moles, or a history of skin cancer, one must:

• Perform monthly self-checks
• Schedule annual full-body skin exams with a dermatologist
• Consider total-body mole mapping or mole photography
• Avoid tanning beds
• Daily usage of sun protection
• Due awareness about the symptoms and risks

Looking ahead
Skin growths are often not something to worry about; however, in case of any abnormalities might warrant expert intervention. Due awareness, and regular check-ups may help individuals understand their body better. In case of any inconsistencies, consulting a dermatologist, and asking the right questions, might help protect your skin from the risk of cancer.

Dr. Pinaki Mahato, Consultant - Medical Oncology, HCG Cancer Centre, Vadodara